Aging

"Our findings indicate that mobile phone specific high frequency electromagnetic fields do not cause acute chromosomal damage in oral mucosa cells under the present experimental conditions. However, we found clear evidence for disturbance of the cell cycle and cytotoxicity. These effects may play a causal role in the induction of adverse long term health effects in humans."

"Mobile phone radiation, even in the permissible range when used for a longer duration, can cause significant genotoxicity. The genotoxicity is noted when the mobile phone is used more frequently on the same side, which may be due to more amount of radiation and increase in the temperature. Headphone usage reduces the genotoxicity of mobile phone radiation to some extent."

"Taken together, the current research results showed that 2.45 GHz EMR emitted from commonly used devices is capable of influencing both ROS production and mitochondrial imbalance, but it must be considered that these effects may vary based on the experimental parameters. In fact, they may depend on the time of exposure to electromagnetic fields and on the kind of cells used. Therefore, to protect individuals from the adverse effects of EMR exposure on the antioxidant potential of our cells, the use of such devices should be limited. Further investigations are necessary to better understand and confirm these observations, taking into account the complexity of the immune network and increasing the radiation exposure time."

"This study showed that exposure to 3.5 GHz RFR can have negative effects on bone biomechanics in rats, leading to a reduction in the flexibility coefficient, maximum force, and an increase in maximum displacement. Diabetic rats may be more susceptible to the hazardous effects of RFR, with significant alterations observed in oxidative stress parameters. These observations suggest that exposure to 3.5 GHz RFR could potentially jeopardize bone quality and structural integrity, as well as affect muscle oxidative stress parameters in rats. More research is required to investigate the potential impacts of RFR on human health, especially for individuals with pre-existing medical conditions."

"In the first case, it was shown that MT (mobile telephony) EMFs are much more damaging than high-voltage power line MFs or the PEF (pulsed electric field) and more damaging than previous other stressors tested on the same biological system, such as certain cytotoxic chemicals, starvation, and dehydration. In the second case, it was shown that MT EMFs are similarly and even more damaging than the above extreme caffeine dose. The combination of this caffeine dose and the 3G/4G MT EMF exposure increased dramatically the number of aberrations in the blood samples of all subjects, suggesting that MT EMF exposure may be significantly more dangerous when combined with other stressors. The above findings allow useful conclusions regarding EMF bioactivity, cell sensitivity, and relevant EMF exposure limits."

"Based on findings of our study we concluded that exposure to mobile RFEMR leads to increased NSE and MDA levels causing oxidative stress which in turn leads to oxidative damage in SD rats."

"Here, we show that exposure to a 1.8 GHz carrier frequency in the amplitude range of household telecommunications induces the formation of ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species) in human HEK293 cultured cells."

"In the recent study, we proved that ELF-MF, 2100 MHz RFR and both exposures lead to oxidative stress especially on diabetic rats. This induction mediated by increase of lipid peroxidation and the reduction of GSH. The study also showed that RFR could enhance NO production. Based on the findings of this study, we could say that ELF-MF and RFR are one of the environmental stressors and this fields can cause oxidative and nitrosative stress in lung, liver, kidney and heart tissues.Oxidative stress is a condition associated with many human diseases including myocardial infarction, neurodegenerative diseases, atherosclerosis, heart failure, chronic liver and lung diseases, etc. So, mobile phone usage should be limited, human being’s electromagnetic exposures should be controlled.The constant exposure of modern society to electromagnetic fields has raised considerable concerns about the potential risks to especially people who have chronic problems such as diabetes."

"The results of our study showed that whole-body exposure to 1800 and 2100 MHz low-intensity MWR emitted by cell phones can induce oxidative stress by altering oxidant-antioxidant parameters and lead to DNA strand breaks and oxidative DNA damage in the liver of rats."

"Our data support a notion that each specific signal used in mobile communication should be tested in specially designed experiments to rule out that prolonged exposure to RF from mobile communication would induce genotoxic effects and affect the health of human population."

"In conclusion, this study reveals an increase in the apoptosis rate, upregulation of p53, and mitochondrial damage in NIH/3T3 cells are all caused by 1800 MHz, 2 W/kg EMR. We provide new experimental evidence for the biological effects of EMR on cells and also provide a reference for studying the health effects of long-term EMR exposure."

"The generation of novel amyloidogenic fragments along with a differential cellular distribution, in addition to the induction of cellular toxicity, apoptotic marker expression and the induction of oxidative stress, triggers a novel alarm concerning the risk from the widely used PTS wireless technology which will be greatly exploding after the implementation of the forthcoming 5G networks. Our data are in line with the skepticism expressed by a large number of scientists worldwide who characterize the uncontrolled use of electromagnetic radiation by manmade devices as a threat to human health as well as the environment."

"Based upon recent and new evidence we hypothesise that a major contribution for the relative sudden upsurge in neurological morbidity in the Western world (1989–2015), is because of increased background EMF that has become the tipping point-impacting upon any genetic predisposition, increasing multiple-interactive pollutants, such as rises in petro-chemicals, hormone disrupting chemicals, industrial, agricultural and domestic chemicals. The unprecedented neurological death rates, all within just twenty-five years, demand a re-examination of long-term EMF safety related to the increasing background EMF on human health. We do not wish to ‘stop the modern world’, only make it safer."

"This study demonstrated that long-term exposure to RFR emitted by cellular phones may cause oxidative stress and oxidative DNA damage in rat testicular tissue and may generate DNA single-strand breaks at high frequencies (1800 and 2100 MHz). Our results showed that some RFR emitted from cellular phones has potential to lead to cell damage in the testes."

"RFR at different mobile phone frequencies seems to cause oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, and DNA damage by changing oxidant and antioxidant levels in frontal lobe of the brain tissue. However, the increase in the frequency and the increase in the level of damage suggest that RFRs at higher frequencies may negatively affect brain tissue and may lead to the development of damage."

"The results of our study shows that RF-EMR may act as an environmental stressor and cause oxidative and nitrosative damage in liver, kidney and brain tissues."

"In conclusion, statistically significant persistent oxidative and mutagenic effects in model biological system, a developing quail embryo, as well as significantly increased embryo mortality have been detected under low intensity GSM 1800 MHz MWR from a typical modern commercial smartphone. Thus the data confirm that modulated MWR from modern wireless devices should be recognized as a significant risk factor for living cells, and out-of-date official safety limits should be urgently reevaluated in line with current biological research on the issue."

"Mobile phone radiation even in the permissible range when used for longer duration causes significant genotoxicity. The genotoxicity can be avoided to some extent by the regular use of headphones."

"In conclusion, prolonged exposure to low intensity microwave radiation at frequencies 900, 1800 and 2450 MHz leads to oxidative stress and inflammatory imbalances which subsequently leads to DNA damage in brain. These findings suggest that microwave radiation induced oxidative stress and inflammatory imbalances may be the causative factors involved in causing DNA strand breaks in brain cells."

"The overall results indicate that there may be adverse effects of RF exposure on antioxidant function, in terms of both the daily antioxidative levels, as well as the circadian rhythmicity."

"In conclusion, we can conclude that these experiments, which complement our previous mainly functional ones, show the effect of long-term irradiation of high-frequency electromagnetic field (900 MHz) on free radicals production in four mouse organs."

"In conclusion, under the given laboratory conditions, modulated RF radiation might cause impairment in cell oxidation–reduction equilibrium within the growing cells."

"The obtained results revealed that longer period (six weeks) of continuous EMR exposure induced mutation in both studied genes with relative increase in DNA fragmentation when compared with intermittent exposure. "

"We report a significant increase in all salivary oxidative stress indices studied in mobile phone users. Salivary flow, total protein, albumin, and amylase activity were decreased in mobile phone users. These observations lead to the hypothesis that the use of mobile phones may cause oxidative stress and modify salivary function."

"Based on the present findings, it is concluded that chronic microwave radiation exposure at low-level induces DNA damage. Prolonged exposure may lead to neurodegenerative disorders. Although, the energy of microwaves is not sufficient directly to break a chemical bond in DNA, genotoxic effects may be mediated by indirect mechanisms such as generation of oxygen free radicals or a disturbance in DNA-repair processes."

"Single strand breaks were observed in the various cells studied via comet assay and consistent appearance of extra bands in the sequence of the exposed animals. These findings showed that exposure to 2.45 GHz MW radiation at SAR even as low as 0.48 W/kg is potentially genotoxic as it produced single DNA strand breaks."

"A short-term exposure (15 and 30 min) to RFR (900-MHz) from a mobile phone caused a significant increase in DNA single-strand breaks in human hair root cells located around the ear which is used for the phone calls."

"The structure of DNA immediately after exposure is not significantly different from the DNA sample 2 h after 45 min exposure. In other words, the EMF-induced conformational changes are irreversible. Collectively, our results reveal that 940 MHz can alter the structure of DNA. The displacement of electrons in DNA by EMFs may lead to conformational changes of DNA and DNA disaggregation."

"Electromagnetic radiation increased the intervertebral disc release of inflammatory cytokine IL-1 beta and oxidative radicals. This process can lead to degeneration of intervertebral disc."

"Increasing evidence indicates that oxidative stress may be involved in the adverse effects of radiofrequency (RF) radiation on the brain. Because mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) defects are closely associated with various nervous system diseases and mtDNA is particularly susceptible to oxidative stress, the purpose of this study was to determine whether radiofrequency radiation can cause oxidative damage to mtDNA. "

"Together, these results suggested that 1800 MHz RF radiation could cause oxidative damage to mtDNA in primary cultured neurons. Oxidative damage to mtDNA may account for the neurotoxicity of RF radiation in the brain."