"In this study, the popliteal vein of a healthy volunteer was imaged with ultrasonography prior to and following the placement of an idle, but active smartphone against her knee for 5 min. Pre-exposure longitudinal sonographic images demonstrate a normal anechoic lumen to the popliteal vein. Images obtained 5 min after direct skin exposure to the smartphone demonstrate a dramatic change in the acoustic appearance of the vessel. The interior of the vessel became coarsely hypoechoic with sluggish flow seen in real-time images, a typical sonographic appearance for rouleaux formation. A follow up examination performed 5 min after the subject walked around yielded continued rouleaux formation in the popliteal vein, albeit less dramatic than that observed immediately post exposure."
"Although rouleaux formation is recognized as a transient phenomenon, we hypothesize that habitual cellphone usage, common in the population, would re-expose individuals over and over again to this abnormal hematologic state. Chronic, long-term exposure to radiofrequency radiation may therefore lead to recurrent, chronic RBC aggregation and increased blood viscosity, potentially causing significant morbidity in certain patient populations, particularly diabetics and those with hypertension, ischemic heart disease, cerebrovascular insufficiency, prethrombotic states, and peripheral vascular disease."
"The study's findings suggest that mobile phone EMF can affect HRV parameters, with the effects being more pronounced during longer exposure durations and when the source of EMF is closer to the heart. These results support the need for guidelines on safe mobile phone usage and further research into the effects of EMF on cardiac function."
"Mobile phone use for making or receiving calls was significantly associated with a higher risk of new-onset hypertension, especially among high-frequency users."
"Our study revealed discrete abnormalities of complex cardiac autonomic regulation indexed by HRV measures dependent on the effects of 4G and Wi-Fi networks. It seems that direct exposure to high radiofrequency EMF may be associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular complications already in healthy youth. However, the results need to be validated in a future study on a larger number of young probands under the same conditions."
"The findings of the presented work show that there exists a strong coherence between various heart and brain waves and the coherence strength is significantly affected under the impact of RF radiations for most of the heart and brain waves’ pairs."
"This study indicated that RFW might cause structural changes and oxidative stress in the heart. Also, exposure to radiofrequency decreased total antioxidant activity in heart tissue with histological changes, including myocardium hypertrophy and decreased number of myocytes."
"These findings indicate that 900 MHz RF exposure at non-thermal levels produces physiological effects on thermal regulation in both studied species, mice and rats, resembling reactions to cold."
"We examined 119 people from 18 to 65 years old, professionally associated with exposure to radio frequency electromagnetic radiation (RFEMR) and various work experience."
"It has been established that the immune status dynamics and antigen-binding lymphocytes, specifically sensitized to tissue heart and blood vessels antigens, are the adverse effect reflection of electromagnetic radiation on the human body, which, with an increase in this effect duration, takes on a deeper and irreversible character, which is consistent with other authors data."
"There was significant (p<0.05) increase in systolic, diastolic, mean arterial BP and a decrease in HRV. Serum high density lipoproteins decreased, while total cholesterol, atherogenic indices, and heart NO levels increased significantly in the radiation exposed animals. The alterations observed in exposed animals remained unchanged even after the recovery period."
"This study concludes that there is a statistically significant change in mean HR and mean RR interval when mobile phone is kept in direct contact with the ear and also when it is connected using earphones. The increase in mean HR is more when mobile phone is kept in direct contact with the ear than with the use of earphones. There is a decrease in parasympathetic tone and increase in sympathetic tone measured indirectly through HRV parameters, i.e., change in LF and HF components. Thus, this study shows that the use of mobile phones has an effect on heart rhythmicity and conductivity; therefore, the population at large should be advised on minimizing the use of mobile phones in their day-to-day life. Subjects should be encouraged to use earphones during active call and to minimize using phones with direct contact to the ear because the electromagnetic field developed around a mobile phone during active call may cause interference with electrical impulses in the body. Due to the close proximity of the phone to the heart, the rhythmicity and conductivity of impulses may be affected directly or indirectly through the modulation of ANS [autonomic nervous system]."
"To our knowledge, the present examination was the first investigating HRA and HRV parameters with different paced inspiration/expiration ratios during short-term GSM cellular phone exposure in a double-blind repeated-measures design crossover trial. Significant HRA changes were not found on exposure compared to sham exposure, however, time domain HRV parameters on exposure were significantly different at 1:1 paced but not at 1:2 paced breathing, considering symmetrical breathing as a sensitizing factor. We observed a mild post-exposure effect regarding RMSSD. This finding reflects persisting acute effects of GSM handset emission on the autonomic nervous system, although exploring its real effects on health status and on survival, as well as the elucidation of any underlying physiopathology, call for further higher-volume double-blind studies focused on respiration–circulation coupling."
"In conclusion, short-term RF EMF exposure of students in a lying position during the ortho-clinostatic test affected ANS with significant increase in parasympathetic nerve activity compared to sham exposed group."
"In this pilot study the talk for more than 7 minutes on a cell phone in most cases (60%) led to the spasm of the main cerebral artery in the assessed subjects, which indicates the high importance of EMR as a potential risk factor for headaches and other negative psychological factors (i.e. lack of attention, disturbance of the structure of sleep, irritability, memory impairment, etc.)."
"Results of our study demonstrate that the call with a MP may influence HRV and change the autonomic balance. The increase in the sympathetic tone with a concomitant decrease in the parasympathetic tone measured indirectly by analysis of HRV was observed during the MP call particularly in female subjects. Parasympathetic tone may be reduced in male subjects while using MPs. Thus, MP may exert a deleterious effect on HRV."
"In conclusion the results of the present study implicate that 2.1 GHz EMF does not affect the steady-state contractile properties of myocardium but induces significant reduction in β-AR response of ventricular myocytes probably due to an upregulated eNOS-NO-GC pathway. In consequence, the sympathetic modulation of cardiac activity is significantly impaired in rat hearts that have been exposed to EMF."
"This study provides scientific evidence that some individuals may experience arrhythmia, heart palpitations, heart flutter, or rapid heartbeat and/or vasovagal symptoms such as dizziness, nausea, profuse sweating and syncope when exposed to electromagnetic devices."
