"EMF exposure adversely affects reproductive health, particularly sperm quality and hormonal balance, with oxidative stress serving as a plausible mechanism. Public health strategies should prioritize exposure mitigation."
"Our findings suggest that Wi-Fi exposure reduces sperm fertility potential, with the body showing limited capacity for complete recovery from the damage."
"EMW can induce oxidative stress, which subsequently leads to disorders such as reduced mobility, morphological changes, acrosome disturbances, and ultimately, damage to the nucleus and genetic material. This oxidative damage to DNA can result in the breakdown of both single-stranded and double-stranded DNA structures, culminating in fragmentation. If the DNA is not repaired and the damage accumulates, the sperm may undergo apoptosis. Damage to the sperm genome can ultimately impact fertility, potentially leading to infertility."
"In conclusion, non-ionizing electromagnetic radiations can cause alterations in both germ cells as well as in their nourishing environment and also affect other female reproductive parameters that might lead to infertility."
"In conclusion, more time spent on electronic devices use was associated with decreased semen quality in modest effect size. Daily calling time was significantly associated with lower sperm concentration and total count, and it might interact synergistically with headset use during a call to further decrease sperm progressive motility and total motility."
"Results of the current work showed that exposed group G3 (mobile phone in talking mode) have significant changes in sperms shape and decline in sperm count in comparison with control group (G1)."
"It is apparent from this study that exposure of MW at low level could directly harm the testes through generating free radicals and inflammatory stress. It is quite evident that MW radiation is an environmental toxin or pollutant that induces degenerative changes in the testes through increased ROS production, lipid peroxidation and an enhanced inflammatory response resulting in male infertility of chicks."
"The present study on the impact of radiations from a laptop upon the functional mechanism of spermatozoa confirmed that operating the digital devices without precautionary measures and distance interferes with fertilizable ability of the sperms that may end in infertile marriage. The present users of laptop or other digital devices must be cautious about the possible fertility problems from such devices."
"Our exploratory study revealed that sperm motility and viability are negatively impacted by smartphones that use the WiFi spectrum for data transmission."
"According to the findings of the studies, RF-EMR emitted by mobile phones and Wi-Fi devices can cause testosterone reduction. However, the effect on gonadotrophic hormones (follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone) is inconclusive. These findings were influenced by several factors, which can influence energy absorption and the biological effect of RF-EMR. The effect of RF-EMR in the majority of animal and human studies appeared to be related to the duration of mobile phone use. Thus, limiting the use of wireless devices is recommended."
"Conclusions:
1) cancer: FR1 (450 to 6 000 MHz): EMF are probably carcinogenic for humans, in particular related to gliomas and acoustic neuromas; FR2 (24 to 100 GHz): no adequate studies were performed on the higher frequencies;
2) reproductive developmental effects: FR1 (450 to 6 000 MHz): these frequencies clearly affect male fertility and possibly female fertility too. They may have possible adverse effects on the development of embryos, foetuses and newborns; FR2 (24 to 100 GHz): no adequate studies were performed on non-thermal effects of the higher frequencies."
"Cell phone waves had a detrimental effect on human sperm's biological features. Therefore, it is recommended to keep the cell phone away from the pelvis as much as possible."
"RF exposure led to a range of pathological changes in the testes of adolescent mice, as testicular weights and daily sperm productions decreased, and the testosterone secretion reduced. Furthermore, RF induced dysregulation in the expression of testicular lncRNAs."
"Mice exposed to mobile phone radiation did not show any changes in behavior. While, mice exposed to electromagnetic radiation from mobile phone showed ovarian cortex reduction in number of primordial and primary follicles, absence of oocyte inside the follicle, and large amount of vacuolated cytoplasm in Corpus luteum. In addition, mobile phone radiation exposed mice uterus showed abnormal histological features of the inner mucosa, or endometrium. Glands appears as focal inactive atrophic glands with hyperchromatic nuclei; atrophy of the uterine glands, and number of glands reduction in the stroma were observed. In myometrium, large blood vessels were observed."
"The study shows that chronic exposure to RF-EMR from a cell phone causes the impaired testicular function accompanied by a decrease in the value of sexual hormones. Sperm microscopy also showed a decrease in sperm count, altered shape and development in the experimental groups. Also, changing histological parameters showed a change in cross-section, luminal and bacterial epithelium diameter in all experimental groups."
"Based on results of present study it is concluded that, mobile phone radiation affected the testicular structure and function via the degeneration of germ cells and Leydig cells. Moreover, it caused apoptosis of testicular cells and induced down regulation of PCNA at the immunohistochemical level confirmed by DNA damage at the molecular level. This onset may lead to infertility like condition due to RFR-exposure."
"Sperm count, vitality, and motility decreased significantly. Electromagnetic radiation may induce oxidative stress, damage sperm nuclear DNA, and eventually reduce sperm quality; these factors negatively affect male fertility."
"The testis weight and volume were significantly lower in the EMF exposed groups. The mean volume fraction of interstitial tissue was higher, but the volume fraction of tubular tissue was lower in the EMF-exposed groups. The mean tubular and germinal tissue volume, seminiferous tubule diameter and germinal epithelium height were also lower in EMF exposed groups. The cortisol levels in the EMF-exposed groups were significantly higher. In conclusion, the EMF created by mobile phones caused morphologic and histological changes by the affecting germinal epithelium tissue negatively."
"CER can damage the testicular ultrastructure and increase the apoptosis of spermatogenic cells of the male rat in a time-dependent manner, and the apoptosis of spermatogenic cells may be associated with the damage to mitochondria."
"The study suggests that GSM frequency at 1800 MHz was negatively impacted on female reproductive performances mediated by oxidative stress induction and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine formation leading to overall impaired ovarian function."
"The study demonstrates that chronic exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation of cell phone leads to defective testicular function that is associated with increased oxidative stress and decreased gonadotropic hormonal profile."
"Overall, our study clearly elucidates that the long-term 1800 MHz mobile phone exposure impairs female reproductive system possibly via inducing both oxidative and nitrosative stress. Our study also suggests that mobile phone exposure produces deleterious effect on hypothalamus, ovary and uterus, and thus affects the ovarian and uterine activity and histoarchitecture adversely. "
"Electromagnetic waves (EMWs) emitted from 3G+wi-fi modems cause a significant decrease in sperm motility and velocity, especially in non-progressive motile sperms."
"The results of this research indicated that only high dose CR exposure suppressed the sexual behavior of adult male C57BL/6 mice, which might be attributed to the impairment of Leydig cells and the decrease of testosterone levels in vivo. Besides, according to the outcomes of sexual hormone assay, CR exposure might depress the function of testis, while not affect the function of pituitarium. Since CR exists everywhere in the environment, it is impossible to avoid contacting with it completely, but reducing CR exposure is also enough to limit the injury of it to male sexual health."
"Our results showed that certain aspects of cell phone use may negatively affect sperm quality in men by decreasing the semen volume, sperm concentration, or sperm count, thus impairing male fertility."
"Results showed decrease in the sperm count in all the experimental groups as compared to the control."
"To conclude, RFR exposure-induced oxidative stress causes DNA damage in germ cells, which alters cell cycle progression leading to low sperm count in mice."
"Chronic exposure of mice to ultra-high frequency radiation emitted from 2G and 3G cell phone could cause a reduction in body weight, testis weight and volume. Microscopic changes in the testis such as reduction in mean seminiferous tubule density, seminiferous tubule diameter, vacuolar degeneration and desquamation of the seminiferous epithelium; reduction in the thickness of seminiferous epithelium and maturation arrest in the spermatogenesis of the peripheral tubules could occur. Decreased serum testosterone level, reduction in the number of Sertoli and Leydig cells could also occur following chronic exposure to 2G and 3G cell phone radiation. Thus long term exposure of cell phone radiation could cause male infertility in mice."
"In conclusion, exposure of adult rats to 900 MHz EMF for 1 h a day over 30 days led to injury in testicular tissues and compromised testicular morphology and biochemical markers."
"This study demonstrates that RF-EMR can increase ROS levels and decrease TAC in the rat sperm. Excessive oxidative stress alters the expression levels of apoptosis-related genes and triggers sperm apoptosis through endogenous damage, resulting in male infertility."
"In conclusion, we observed that long-term exposure of 2.4 GHz RF emitted from Wi-Fi (2420 μW/kg, 1 g average) affects some of the reproductive parameters of male rats. We suggest Wi-Fi users to avoid long-term exposure of RF emissions from Wi-Fi equipment."
"Chronic exposure to ultra-high frequency radiation emitted from a 2G cell phone could cause microscopic changes in the seminiferous tubules, reduction in the number of Sertoli and Leydig cells and decreased serum testosterone level. Long term use of cell phones could cause male infertility. "
"We observed that MW irradiation induced a significant decrease in sperm count and sperm viability along with the decrease in seminiferous tubule diameter and degeneration of seminiferous tubules. Reduction in testicular 3β HSD activity and plasma testosterone levels was also noted in the exposed group of mice. Increased expression of testicular i-NOS was observed in the MW-irradiated group of mice. Further, these adverse reproductive effects suggest that chronic exposure to nonionizing MW radiation may lead to infertility via free radical species-mediated pathway."
"These results demonstrate significant effects of radio frequency modulated EMFs exposure on proteome, particularly in protein species in the rodent testis, and suggest that a 30-day exposure to EMF radiation induces nonthermal stress in testicular tissue."
"Compared with the sham group,microwave radiation induced reduced level in testicular sperm head count and serum testosterone, while the level of serum estradiol increased. Also, the circadian rhythms of testicular sperm head count and estradiol disappeared after the microwave radiation."
"Our data suggest that, electromagnetic radiation have harmful effects on ultra-structure of bovine sperm and is a potential factor which can result in short term dysfunction of sperm in the various stages of fertilization. These effects may be observed later in life."
"1. Long–term semen exposure in the area of mobile phone RF–EMR leads to a significant decrease in the number of sperm with progressive movement and an increase in those with non–progressive movement.
2. Prolonged direct mobile phone exposure may bring about sperm DNA fragmentation
3. For men readying themselves for fatherhood, especially when registered fertility problems exist, it would be better to avoid holding a mobile phone in a trouser pocket for long periods of time."
"Significant decrease in sperm count, increase in the lipid peroxidation damage in sperm cells, reduction in seminiferous tubules and testicular weight and DNA damage were observed following exposure to EMF in male albino rats. The results suggest that mobile phone exposure adversely affects male fertility."
"A total of 280 different experiments were performed using newly emerged flies exposed for short time daily for 3–7 d to various EMF sources including: GSM 900/1800 MHz mobile phone, 1880–1900 MHz DECT wireless base, DECT wireless handset, mobile phone-DECT handset combination, 2.44 GHz wireless network (Wi-Fi), 2.44 GHz blue tooth, 92.8 MHz FM generator, 27.15 MHz baby monitor, 900 MHz CW RF generator and microwave oven’s 2.44 GHz RF and magnetic field components."
"All EMF sources used created statistically significant effects regarding fecundity and cell death-apoptosis induction, even at very low intensity levels (0.3 V/m blue tooth radiation), well below ICNIRP’s guidelines, suggesting that Drosophila oogenesis system is suitable to be used as a biomarker for exploring potential EMF bioactivity."
"We reported for the first time, alteration in DNA bands pattern, single strand break and reduction in the number of male germ cells of Sprague Dawley rats as a result of exposure to 2.45 GHz microwave for just 10 min without change in body temperature. Our findings reveal that exposure to microwave radiation of 0.48 Wkg-1 and above produces genotoxic effects on testis and ovary as observed from the genomic result, comet assay and the histopathology results. Thus, there is high possibility of compromising the fertility in the exposed rats."
"To our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate the direct impact of laptop use on human spermatozoa. Ex vivo exposure of human spermatozoa to a wireless internet-connected laptop decreased motility and induced DNA fragmentation by a nonthermal effect."
"Long-term exposure to mobile phone radiation leads to reduction in serum testosterone levels. Testosterone is a primary male gender hormone and any change in the normal levels may be devastating for reproductive and general health."
"The exposure of male mice to radiofrequency radiations from mobile phone (GSM) base stations at a workplace complex and residential quarters caused 39.78 and 46.03%, respectively, in sperm head abnormalities compared to 2.13% in control group."
